Avanti West Coast operates services between Glasgow, North West England, North Wales, the West Midlands and London, and also between Birmingham and Glasgow/Edinburgh. Avanti West Coast route map

Owning group: Partnership of First Group and Trenitalia
Franchise dates: December 2019 to October 2032

c2c operates an intensive, mainly commuter, service into London Fenchurch Street from south east Essex. c2c route map

Owning group: Trenitalia
Franchise dates: September 2014 to November 2029

The Caledonian Sleeper Highland route runs to Fort William, Inverness, and Aberdeen. The Caledonian Sleeper Lowland route runs from London Euston to Glasgow Central or Edinburgh Waverley. Caledonian Sleeper route map

Owning group: Scottish Rail Holidings
Franchise dates: April 2015 to March 2030

Chiltern Railways operates passenger train services throughout the M40 corridor between Birmingham and London. Their passengers are a mix of commuters, business and leisure travellers. Chiltern Railways route map

Owning group: Arriva UK Trains (owned by Deutsche Bahn)
Franchise dates: March 2002 to December 2027

CrossCountry operates a network of long distance services between Scotland and the North East England through to the South West of England and Bournemouth. Services also operate between Birmingham, Leicester and Stansted Airport, Cardiff, Birmingham and Nottingham. CrossCountry route map

Owning group: Arriva UK Trains (owned by Deutsche Bahn)
Franchise dates: November 2007 to October 2023

East Midlands Railway operates train services between London, the East Midlands and Yorkshire (Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Leeds) and central England services groups linking Nottingham, Derby, Worksop, Lincoln, Cleethorpes, Skegness, Leicester and Cambridge. East Midlands Railway route map

Owning group: Transport UK Group
Franchise dates: August 2019 to October 2028

The Elizabeth line (formerly TfL Rail / Crossrail) runs from Reading and Heathrow Airport, through London Paddington and Liverpool Street, to Shenfield. Elizabeth line route map

Owning group: MTR on behalf of TfL
Franchise dates: June 2015 to May 2025

Eurostar operates high speed international train services between London, Brussels, Paris (centre and Disneyland Paris), the Alps and Rhone Valley. Eurostar route map

Owning group: Eurostar International Ltd
Franchise dates: not applicable

Gatwick Express is operated by Southern Railways and runs non-stop between Gatwick Airport and London Victoria every 15 minutes. Gatwick Express route map

Owning group: Partnership of Keolis and Go-Ahead Group (Govia)
Franchise dates: September 2014 to March 2028

Grand Central is an open access operator which provides direct services London Kings Cross to York and the North East, and to Doncaster and West Yorkshire. Grand Central route map

Greater Anglia operates mainline trains between London, Colchester, Ipswich and Norwich, as well as local trains across Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. Greater Anglia route map

Owning group: Partnership of Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co / East Japan Railway Company
Franchise dates: October 2016 to March 2026

Great Northern operates train services between London King's Cross and Peterborough, Cambridge and King's Lynn; and services between Moorgate and Welwyn Garden City, Stevenage and Letchworth Garden City. Great Northern route map

Owning group: Partnership of Keolis and Go-Ahead Group (Govia)
Franchise dates: September 2014 to March 2028

Great Western Railway operates high-speed train services between London Paddington, South Wales, the Cotswolds and the West Country. Great Western Railway route map

Owning group: FirstGroup
Franchise dates: April 2006 to June 2028

Heathrow Express is operated by Great Western Railway and runs dedicated high speed services between London Paddington and Heathrow Airport. Heathrow Express route map

Owning group: FirstGroup
Franchise dates: not applicable

Hull Trains is a open access operator and provides a limited number of through trains between London Kings Cross and Hull. Hull Trains route map

Owning group: FirstGroup
Franchise dates: September 2000 to December 2032

London North Eastern Railway operates long distance train services along the East Coast Main Line, linking London King's Cross, the East Midlands, Yorkshire and Humberside, North East England and Scotland. London North Eastern Railway route map

Owning group: DfT OLR Holdings
Franchise dates: June 2018 to June 2025

London Northwestern Railway operates express services between London Euston, Milton Keynes and Birmingham New Street (via Northampton). London Northwestern Railway route map

Owning group: Partnership of UK Transport Group and Mitsui & Co / East Japan Railway Company
Franchise dates: December 2017 to September 2026

London Overground is a group of six routes serving the capital, including Richmond, Clapham Junction, Watford Junction, Gospel Oak, Barking, New Cross, Crystal Palace, West Croydon, Enfield Town, Cheshunt, Chingford and Upminster. London Overground route map

Owning group: Arriva UK Trains (owned by Deutsche Bahn) on behalf of TfL
Franchise dates: November 2016 to May 2024

Owning group: FirstGroup
Franchise dates: October 2021 – May 2031

Merseyrail provides services between Liverpool and Southport, Ormskirk, Kirby, Hunts Cross, New Brighton, West Kirby, Chester and Ellesmere Port. Merseyrail route map

Owning group: Partnership of Transport UK Group and Serco
Franchise dates: July 2003 to July 2025

Northern operates a range of inter-urban, commuter and rural services throughout the North of England. Northern route map

Owning group: DfT OLR Holdings
Franchise dates: April 2016 to May 2027

ScotRail provides 95% of all passenger rail services within Scotland and has services to Carlisle and Newcastle. ScotRail route map

Owning group: Scottish Rail Holdings 
Franchise dates: From April 2022 - March 2025

Southeastern operates all the services in the south east London suburbs, the whole of Kent and part of Sussex, which are primarily commuter services to/from central London. Southeastern route map

Owning group: DfT OLR Holdings
Franchise dates: October 2021 to October 2024

Southern operates predominantly commuter services between London, Surrey and Sussex, as well as services to Gatwick and Brighton, and South Coast services. Southern route map

Owning group: Partnership of Keolis and Go-Ahead Group (Govia)
Franchise dates: July 2015 to March 2028

South Western Railway operates trains from London Waterloo to Woking, Basingstoke, Southampton, Portsmouth, Exeter, Reading, Bournemouth. South Western Railway route map

Owning group: Partnership of FirstGroup and MTR
Franchise dates: June 2017 to August 2024

Stansted Express is operated by Greater Anglia and runs every 15 minutes between Stansted Airport and London Liverpool Street. Stansted Express route map

Owning group: Partnership of Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co / East Japan Railway Company
Franchise dates: October 2016 to March 2026

Thameslink operates train services between Bedford and Brighton; and the Luton, St Albans, Sutton and Wimbledon loop. Thameslink route map

Owning group: Partnership of Keolis and Go-Ahead Group (Govia)
Franchise dates: September 2014 to March 2028

TransPennine Express operates predominantly long distance inter-urban services linking major centres of population across both North East and North West England. TransPennine Express route map

Owning group: DfT OLR Holdings
Franchise dates: April 2016 to TBC

Transport for Wales Rail operates a mix of long distance, regional and local rural services in Wales, including the Valley Lines network of services around Cardiff, and also in the English border counties and to Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham. Transport for Wales Rail route map

Owning group: Transport for Wales
Franchise dates: October 2018 to October 2033

Wholly owned:

• Chiltern Railways
• CrossCountry
• Grand Central
• London Overground (Arriva Rail London)

Wholly owned:

• Southeastern
• London North Eastern Railway
• Northern
• Transpenine Express

Wholly owned:

• Great Western Railway
• Heathrow Express (run by GWR for Heathrow Airport Holdings)
• Hull Trains
• Lumo

Part ownership:

• Avanti West Coast
• South Western Railway
• Island Line Trains (run by South Western Railway)

Part ownership:

• • Great Northern (GTR)
  • Southeastern
  • Southern (GTR)
  • Gatwick Express (GTR) (run by Southern)
  • Thameslink (GTR)

Part ownership:

• Gatwick Express (GTR)
• Great Northern (GTR)
• Southeastern
• Southern (GTR)
• Thameslink (GTR)

Part ownership:

• Greater Anglia
• Stansted Express
• London Northwestern Railway
• West Midlands Railway

Wholly owned:

• TfL Rail

Part ownership:

• Island Line Trains (run by South Western Railway)

South Western Railway

Part ownership:

• Merseyrail

Wholly owned:

• • ScotRail
  • Caledonian Sleeper

Wholly owned:

• Transport for Wales Rail

Wholly owned:

• East Midlands Railway

Part ownership:

• Greater Anglia
• Stansted Express (Operated by Greater Anglia)
• London Northwestern Railway
• West Midlands Railways
• Merseyrail

Wholly owned:

• c2c

Part ownership:

• Avanti West Coast